Paris and Its Tourist Places

Robby Gamble Essays (940 words) - Education, Liberal Arts Education

Robby Gamble Essays (940 words) - Education, Liberal Arts Education Robby Gamble Professor Kelly English 1102-024 16 February 2017 Rhetorical Analysis In modern America, many feel that college is to serve as a stepping stone on the path of development, and many believe that college is a bulletproof post-secondary plan that will guarantee a career upon completion, however in many situations that is not the case. In his article "Are Too Many People Going to College? (2008) " , Charles Murray, a W.H. Brady Scholar from the American Enterprise Institute, discusses the flaws of the American post-secondary education sy stem, and refutes common misconc ep t io ns about it to prove too many people are going to college , an d further open a discussion to i mplem e nt change to the American post-secondary education system. Murray's article is divided into 8 sections , in which he tackles different points, but when looking at the work , it can be separa ted into 3 sub arguments : Liberal E ducation, Structural Changes to Residential Colleges , and The Results of Normalizing Bachelor's Degrees. In the liberal education section of Murray's argument , he discusses the importance of liberal education in social development and function in society. Murray believes "Full participation in any culture requires familiarity with a body of core knowledge (Murray 235) ", and "This core knowledge is an important part of the glue that hold the culture together (235) ." Murray's beliefs are based upon E. D. Hirsch Jr.'s book Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know , in which he suggests the best time to learn this body of core knowledge is during elementary and middle school. Murray discusses the guidelines College Board researchers use to determine "college readiness" to post the question "Should all of those who do have academic ability to absorb a college-level liberal education get one (238)? " In order to answer this question, he exemplifies a young woman in the 98 th percentile of academic ability. Ultimately, he conc ludes that "dealing with complex intellectual material is what students in the top few percentiles are really good at , in the same way that other people ar e really good at cooking or making pottery" Li beral education in college has much depth, and would pose a challenge to students that do not find joy in spending hours reading intellectual works and testing their knowledge of these works. I support Murray's stance on liberal education. His overall argument that liberal education on a collegiate level is not for everyone is accurate, and while a college education in liberal arts may produce more cultured people, the fact of the matter is students are more likely to excel in careers in which they have compassion. Upon completing the liberal education portion of his argument he shifts his focus into the structure of "the Four-Year Brick-and-Mortar Residential College". Murray takes notice of the way advances in technology have altered the structure of colleges. Throughout the history of universities in the United States , proximity has always played a major role . Before the major expansion of the internet in the 1990' s , living at university for four years was a standard method of obt aining the knowledge and social skills necessary to excel not only in a degree program, but also in a career of ch oice. Because of relatively recent advances in technology, the structure of classrooms has changed. Sitting in front of a teacher to intake information is not the only option. We live in a time of flexibility. "The two-year community college and online courses offer more flexible options for tailoring course work to the real needs of [jobs] (242) , " and Murray even beli eves because of technological advances, academic hubs such as a universities library is on the verge of extinction. While some of changes may seem negative " [the advantages of physical proximity] depends mostly on the personality of the scholar (243) ." To conclude his argument , Murray discusses the value of a bachelor's degree . and the results of normalizing bachelor's degrees . Through the last section of his argument Murray exemplifies a high school graduate seeking to be either an electrician or pursue

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien Essay

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien - Essay Example We just got lost somewhere within the school system between four and five. I would sit by the verandah next to the music room after every one was passed, I would take out my miniature guitar and imagine myself playing in a different auditorium each time, with different audience, but the end was always the same- a standing ovation. The things I carried were basically dictated by necessity as well as whichever day it was. Books, pen, handkerchief, lunch box, pocket change in my wallet that also had a photo of my mother and I and my phone were everyday requirements. It was illegal to carry a phone to school, but who knew when my great breakthrough to fame would come? I would need to call my friends, who by the way were non-existent. On Wednesdays, I carried my P.E kit, not because I was good in any game anyway, but then again, could not a young man dream? Dreaming should define every young man out there and am not an exception to those who dream, or am I? On Thursdays, I carried my camera so that I could sneak in to the girls’ bathroom and take a photo of my crush since when I was four, it has always been my dream to take a picture of my crush. At least that I did, before being caught and having it destroyed by the bully boyfriend of hers. It was a very painful thing seeing what it being destroyed without any help or being in a position to do anything to stop their actions. Along the way, my guitar got heavier, the weight in the realization that I would never become famous crawled in, and the reality started to sink in me. It culminated on the day I was found carrying out my fantasy routine by the schools head jock, the day that I will live to remember because of the shame I felt. The embarrassment of that day could not be captured by pen, but it’s fresh in my memory, and can narrate it as though it happened yesterday. I resolved to keep a diary instead, for easy recordings of any happening in my life, successful,

Principles of Effective Intervention Research Paper

Principles of Effective Intervention - Research Paper Example rinciples that have become organizing concepts of community corrections which are actuarial risks or needs, enhancing intrinsic motivation, targeting intervention and skill train with directed practice. Risk screening for the offender is important for effective management thus the need for supervision and treatment of those individuals who are offender. High risk offenders and low risk offenders should be supervised and treatment encouraged but in many circumstances the high risk offenders are the ones who should be supervised a lot since there is a high possibility of offending. For the principle of assess actuarial risk to work effectively and transformation be achieved, the employees are formally trained so that the tools used are reliable and valid (Chidsey and Steege, 2005). The screening and assessment tools used should consider the risk factor, profile of the individual needs and if individual is in the population where crime was conducted. Routine interactions and observation of offenders should be emphasized so that supervision is an ongoing process thus becoming a formal assessment guide. Through the decisions that are made by the supervisors on what criteria to follow wh en doing certain things, formal reassessments should be done in combination with working relations with the practitioners and the offender. In US, National Council for Crime and Delinquency is responsible for developing of actuarial risk assessment. It is the responsibility of the employees to ensure that respect and inters-social behaviors are shown to the offenders so that they can enhance offender’s intrinsic motivation. This means that the offenders will be motivated and this will be from inside an individual rather from external or from the outside rewards that may be given. When the offenders are interpersonally respected, there is a possibility of the individual attaining behavioral change and this will mean that a lasting change will be achieved. This means that intrinsic

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information system - Essay Example These products are obtained through the food products manufactures. Fine Food Company finishes and packages these products for resale. This research is based on the detailed analysis of the new technology support implementation at the different business divisions of the Fine Food Company. Here I will present the detailed analytical and technological analysis of the new business and information technology based systems implementation at Fine Food Company. This report will be composed of the different analysis regarding assessment of the feasibility of the new information technology implementation. This will also specify the some of the leading technology solutions for the business setup. The business of the Fine Food Company has obtained a steady growth in the business and organizational structure and offered a better business handling and operational support for the all departments. Despite of extensive enhancements the currently operational paper based working structure; the performance of the business is still lacking high performance. This makes the overall working structure less effective. The management of the business desired to implement a new technology based structure that offers the business enhanced performance and working capability. FFC management desired to implement the new information technology at four main departments or these are listed below: The main strength of the new technology based system implementation. This new technology based structure will standardise the overall business operations and management handling. These systems will automate the overall business operations and will offer the easy handling of business data recording and effective management. The main weakness behind this technology implementation is need for the effective human resource regarding the implementation of the new technology based platform. This will require the extensive investment in all areas. These can be human

Porters Five Forces Analysis of Yahoo!

Porters Five Forces Analysis of Yahoo! The World Wide Web brings about new products and services every day for any consumer to access at any time with the simple click of a mouse. Consumers may look at the local weather forecast, find address and phone number of a business, or simply use the Internet for entertainment. All of these activities and many more are all accessible on Yahoo!s website. Terry S. Semel, Chief Executive Officer at Yahoo! and the Porters Five Forces analysis model along with Porters Differentiation strategy helps Yahoo! compete intensely among its competitors. From an internal perspective, Porters Five Forces gives Yahoo! a sustainable competitive advantage by analyzing the Threat of New Entrants, the Bargaining Power of Buyers, the Bargaining Power of Suppliers, the Threat of Substitute Products and Services, and the Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors in an industry. Semel analyzes each piece of Porters Five Forces model to determine the best route for Yahoo! to boost its competitive advantage in the Internet industry. First, Yahoo! analyzes the Threat of New Entrants coming into the Web industry. The Threat of New Entrants refers to the possibility that the profits of established firms in the industry may be eroded by new competitors (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2007, pg. 59). In Yahoo!s industry, it is relatively easy for any firm to have an eye-catching website. A new entrant can be a firm in its beginning years who does not have a significantly large budget, but could better serve consumers wanting specific products or services because of new technology it owns. Distributors and manufacturers may also reach more consumers through the Internet, so they enter the market. Semel bought technology such as the Inktomi search engine for Yahoo! to better serve the Internet world and keep a sustainable competitive advantage using product differentiation to create a higher barrier of entry for those smaller or newly established firms. The second of Porters Five Forces discusses the Bargaining Power of Buyers in an industry. Buyers threaten an industry by forcing down prices, bargaining for higher quality or more services, and playing competitors against each other (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007, pg. 61). Buyers are generally not loyal to a specific brand of product or service. Buyers have any information available to them 24 hours a day and they use this to their advantage. Consumers want the best deal for them at that time, so they will take a few minutes, click the mouse a few times, and find the best opportunity for their needs. Buyers use this tool to their advantage. It is difficult for suppliers to retain repeat customers because the customers have the opportunity to shop around to best satisfy their quality and price needs. With Yahoo! expanding their search capabilities by adding new features like its alliance with SBC communications, adding WUF Networks Inc., and HotJobs.com, Semel is aiming to keep more of Yahoo!s consumers within the Yahoo! website and prevent them from exiting to search on a competitors sites. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers is another of Porters Forces that Yahoo! needs to keep in mind. Suppliers involve providing products or services to other businesses, therefore use the term B2B-that is, business-to-business (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007, pg. 285). Yahoo! is an intermediary between some buyers (consumers) and sellers (advertisers) and is business-to-business oriented. Suppliers can make arrangements on the Internet to make searching and buying easier for consumers and prevent them from switching. Yahoo! relies heavily on several different advertisers to keep consumers searching on the Yahoo! site. Semel has built Yahoo! into a site that can offer surfers many different services, with several of them requiring the customer to pay a small fee (Shamsie, pg. 795). The customer is more likely to stay on one site if everything he/she is searching for is there, letting Yahoo! and the advertising supplier profit. Any company in an industry needs to keep a watchful eye for the Threat of Substitute Products and Services. This may be the most important of Porters Five Forces for Yahoo! to stay on top of. Substitutes limit the potential returns of an industry by placing a ceiling on the prices that firms in that industry can profitably charge (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007, pg. 63). Again, consumers can compare prices, quality, and customer service between companies, but companies can do the same. A firm can research what products and services other firms are selling and make substitute products or services. This is the case for Yahoo!s digital theme part Semel is pushing into effect. AOL and MSN are also envisioning a digital theme part and they have many substantial advantages from competitive software and programs to money on hand. Semel has pushed through with new advanced technology to give Yahoo! the edge they need to compete with companies such as AOL and MSN (Shamsie). The last of Porters Five Forces Model is the Intensity of Rivalry Among Competitors in an Industry (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007). Because the Internet creates more tools and means for competing, rivalry among competitors is likely to be more intense (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007, pg. 288). Rivalry among competitors on the Internet is extremely high because technology is constantly changing. New, better software is being introduced every day to give certain companies a competitive advantage and leave others trying to catch up. Google is Yahoo!s biggest competitor, and is regarded as the most prominent search engine in most parts of the world (Shamsie, pg. 796). Semel and his team have been dedicated to increase Yahoo!s search engine capabilities to compete with competitors like Google, MSN, and AOL. Semel has done a wonderful job turning Yahoo! around from the falling company it was before he joined the team. Using Porters Five Forces, Semel has wisely used the companys funds and resources to gain new technology to push Yahoo! to the top of the bar. Implementing Porters Differentiation strategy by building an animated theme park as Yahoo!s Web site to keep people wanting more from Yahoo! might just give Yahoo! the edge it needs to move forward and take over the number one spot for search engines. Differentiation consists of creating differences in the firms product or service offering by creating something that is perceived industrywide as unique and valued by customers (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007, pg. 169). Differentiation can have a huge influence on customers because of unique service and product offerings and positive brand image (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2007). Semel is creating differentiation through features and technology with Yahoo! having multiple services in one location in Yahoo!s digital theme park. He is building brand image by investing in billion dollar companies like SBC Communications and Inktomi so Yahoo! will have the technology and the freedom to adapt to changes in the fast-paced Internet industry by owning their own technology. Semel is aiming for Yahoo! to be a whole, small world in itself and enticing customers to stay in Yahoo!s website for all of their service and product needs. Semel comments, The more time you spend on Yahoo!, the more apt you are to sample both free and paid services, (Shamsie, pg. 795). The total revenue for Yahoo! leaped tremendously from 2002 to 2003 and continues to rise because of Yahoo!s CEO Terry Semel. Yahoo! hired Semel to pull the company out of ruins and he did so successfully with Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis model and by implementing Porters Differentiation strategy. He acquired excellent technology and made strategic alliances with companies to give Yahoo! a step-up from its competition. Semel is differentiating Yahoo! by building a digital Disneyland-a souped-up theme park for the Internet Age (Shamsie, pg. 792). His goal is to keep current customers in Yahoo!s site by offering everything to fill their needs. The more time a customer spends on a specific site, the more likely he/she is to do business on that sight, letting Yahoo! profit from his/her requests. Semel using Porters Five Forces and the Differentiation strategy continues to push Yahoo! to the top of the leader board. References Dess, G. Gregory, Lumpkin, G.T., Eisner (2007). Strategic Management 3e. McGraw-Hill. Shamsie, Jamal. Yahoo!. Michigan State University, 792-797. Porters Five Forces and Differentiation The Threat of New Entrants Easy for anyone to have eye-catching websites that compete with large companies New entrant can be any firm who will do well because of technological advances Distributors and manufacturers can reach more consumers through the Internet, so they enter the market The Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers can get information off of Internet about competing products and services Most Internet buyers are not loyal to a specific brand. Want what is good now Suppliers have a hard time keeping loyal customers because they shop around for the best quality, prices, and customer service The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Yahoo! is intermediary between some buyers and sellers B2B oriented Suppliers can make arrangements on the Internet to make searching and buying easier to prevent customers from switching Yahoo! is intermediary between some buyers and sellers B2B oriented Suppliers can make arrangements on the Internet to make searching and buying easier to prevent customers from switching Yahoo! uses several different types of suppliers on their site to keep customers within their walls The Threat of Substitute Products and Services Any company can research and find a better way to accomplish the same task Yahoo! was threatened by AOL and MSN for the theme park The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors in an Industry Rivalry is very intense because there are many tools and excellent technology for competing firms Google, MSN, and AOL are major rivals Differentiation Huge influence because of the unique services and products Yahoo!s alliance with big companies Yahoo!s buying of outstanding technology Yahoo! wants to keep people in their site. They are more apt to pay a small fee for something if they can stay in one place

The Top of the World is Not for Everyone :: Essays Papers

The Top of the World is Not for Everyone Once the exclusive domain of the elite mountaineers, the roof of the world now lures scores of amateurs. These climbers seek a challenge that begins as high drama but can end abruptly as tragedy (Breashears, 1997).† At 29,035 feet, Mount Everest is the â€Å"top of the world† and the ultimate challenge for Climbers. But recently with advances in technology and equipment, more people are attempting to conquer Everest, although many of them do not belong in such an unpredictable, dangerous place with such little experience. With more and more people venturing to the top of Everest, substantial pollution has been a result, which is an expensive and difficult problem to correct at such high altitudes. Everest, which was once considered a sacred home of the gods, is now a commercialized, life threatening challenge with accumulating contamination. Mount Everest is situated at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Traditionally, those living near Everest honored the mountain and thought of the Himalayas as scared homes of the gods. No local people climbed them until the early 1900’s. But as foreign expeditions brought tourist dollars and Western ideas, the local people began to serve as porters for foreign climbers (Encarta, 2000). Many expeditions were sent out to reach the summit of Everest, but most ended unsuccessfully with tragic deaths. In 1921 George Leigh Mallory led a British Expedition to the summit of Everest climbing the north side. On May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand, and Tenzing Norway, a Sherpa of Nepal under the tenth Expedition Flag of the British and the leadership of John Hunt were the

Hair Oil Marketing Essay

Hair oil is a hair care product specifically intended to keep the moisture balance of the hair, as moisture is lost due to strong shampoos and harsh chemicals in water. It can also be considered as conditioner to make the hair soft and pliable. Hair oil can come from natural products such as coconut oil, fruit extracts, milk, lemon oil, rosemary oil and others. Modern hair oils contain fragrances from different natural sources of plants. Musk Hair oil is available with rich coconut and almond mixture of hair oil products with soothing male and famine cent. Indian Market in Hair Oil Industry: Market Trend: Light Hair Oil Break Up: Packaging: 5 C ‘s Of Marketing 1. The study of the 5 Cs of marketing arises is called situation Analysis. 2. Situation analysis is study of the current market or industry in which company wants to launch a new market. 3. In order to launch a new product, a company first needs to study market condition. 4. The conditions are about the number of competitors and their market share, the cost of producing the product, the profit ration etc. 5. So a quick SWOT analysis will reveal where does the company stand in the market and what strategy it should adopt in order to grab a MUSK’s share in the market. The Five C’s are 1. Customer Needs 2. Company Skills 3. Competitors 4. Collaborators 5. Climate or context Customer Needs/ Company Skills/ Competitors through SWOT Analysis: Musk Parent Company Red Cherry Multi Commodity Pvt Ltd Category Personal Care brands – Hair care Sector FMCG Tagline/ Slogan â€Å"Oil of Pride† USP New Product Launch of hair oil brand in India STP Segment Hair oil segment with natural ingredients (Coconut and Almond) Target Group Youth and middle aged and Old men and women in urban and rural area. Positioning 1. A hair oil which nourishes your hair and maintains style at the same time 2. Positioned on the platform of purity and originality of coconut with best quality and resulting in shiny hair and a clear complexion SWOT Analysis Strength 1. Newly Established product with male soothing fragrance and famine scents. 2. Provides shine and softness and makes hair healthy from inside†¨ 3. Contains trusted natural ingredients like Coconut and Almond 4. Strong distribution network across the country 5.Introduction of oil in the market with better fragrances, ingredients and innovation yet using traditional method to extract oil from raw Almond and Coconut. 6. Celebrity/ film star brand ambassadors Weakness 1. New Brand Launched recently 2. Will be Preferred by loyal customers, but youth find other brands attractive†¨ such as Hair Gel and other hair care products 3.Sticky and oily, stains the pillow when used overnight Opportunity 1.Expansion in foreign markets†¨2.Export potential†¨3.Innovation in other hair care products Threats 1.Aggressive competitors†¨2.Threat from new entrants or local players selling oil with natural ingredients†¨3. Well established Brand Like parachutes and Bajaj Almond. Competition Competitors 1.Marico’s parachute 2.Bajaj Almond 3. Dabur 4.Emami Customers 1. Market size and Growth: Total Market Size – 63% of the total Indian Hair Oil Market and growth is increasing 10% annually. 2. Market segments –Urban and Rural Men, Women with Young Age, Middle age and Older age. 3. Retail Channel – where does consumer actually purchase the product?: Product should reach every single possible household, Retail outlet. Kirana shop, Online and Purchase options on social networking sites with discounts. 4. Consumer Information source – where does the consumer obtain information about the  product? Social media penetration, Road Shows, displays, Exhibition and discount offering strategies online, at retail outlets, Kirana shops and at road shows. 5. Trends: how consumers’ needs and preference change over time? Consumer behavior understanding from time to time by getting feedback and surveys at retail out lets, Online, social networking sites, dedicated consumer retention team through consumer forum specially designed for consumer for MUSK Hair Oil. Company: MUSK HAIR OIL 1. Product line I. Coconut based hair oil a. Soothing Male scent b. Soothing female scent II. Almond based hair oil a. Soothing male scent b. Soothing female scent 2. Image in the market MUSK Hair Oil was established on 24th September 2013 in a typical for niche and rural market, Red Cherry Multi Commodity Pvt Ltd envisioned offering trusted quality products made from 100% Coconut and Almond raw material for hair, skin and hair care. The company presently launching their flagship brand â€Å"MUSK Hair Oil† encased in an attractive cylindrical cardboard label (Blue for Male Customer and Pink for Female Customer) gives product a brand new look in keeping with high quality of the oil it encases and hope to successfully cater to diverse competitive markets in India and the suburbs. 3. Technology and Experience Age-old traditional methods and processes are utilized in producing this oil. The almond oil is lightweight, golden-brown oil, which is extracted from sweet almond nuts. The oil from bitter almond nuts on the other hand, is  extremely poisonous and should be avoided. Half of the weight of the sweet almond nut itself comprises of the oil and therefore can be extracted in large amounts. In its pure form, it has little to no odor and has a faint, nutty scent. The oil has a long and extensive history, dating back to the Egyptians where it was used to strengthen hair and as a skin emollient. More than 50% of the oil comprises of monounsaturated fatty acids, making it suitable to be used for culinary purposes as it helps reduce blood cholesterol levels. The oil is also rich in minerals such as magnesium and the vitamins C and E. While the oil might be lightweight, it causes a brown stain to form when it comes into contact with clothes and bed sheets. Therefore, it should be strictly separated from such things. The oil has many established beneficial properties and is widely used in the cosmetic and food industry. It is also one of the most commonly used massage oils today. Strengthens the hair The almond oil provides essential minerals for normal and healthy hair growth. After continual application of the oil, the hair naturally grows thicker and stronger. It also promotes a lustrous, attractive shine on the hair when used in appropriate amounts. Coconut Oil Extraction: The extraction of oil from copra is one of the oldest seed crushing operations. In India and Sri Lanka copra is still crushed for oil extraction in the primitive chekkus as well as in rotary ghanis, expellers and hydraulic presses. The chekku is a fixed wooden or stone mortar inside which revolves on a hard wooden pestle. The pestle is attached to a long pole which is moved round via bullocks, donkey or by human labor. About 20 – 40 kg of copra can be handled by a chekku. Using coconut oil for hair maintenance may sound like an odd regimen, but it’s been proven to be effective. Coconut oil has been known to have a lot of benefits, both when consumed and applied. Specifically for hair and skin, it has been known to restore natural moisture resulting in shiny hair and a clear complexion. Studies have shown that this substance has the ability to penetrate the hair  shaft and to work its way through all layers of the hair strand. It helps reduce loss of protein, and aids in regaining your hair’s natural oil and moisture. More than keeping your hair healthy and shiny, coconut oil has a lot of other benefits as well. The use of coconut oil is not only natural and organic, but also cost-effective. 4. Culture We are committed to deliver 100% natural products, which are manufactured under stringent quality guidelines. Apart from commitment to quality and product authenticity, it is our compliance to timeliness, fair business practices and cost competency that has made us a preferred associate. 5. Goals: Become the market leader in Coconut and Almond based Hair Oil market in India till 2020. Collaborators: 1. Distributor: 2. Supplier: Local Supplier from Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal 3. Alliances: Alliances with retail out let, Online shopping Websites and smaller suppliers to create value for them and for the company. Climate or Context b.1. Political and regulatory environment that affect the market. b.2. Economic environment business cycles, inflation rate, interest rates and other issues of economic nature. b.3. Technological environment- new ways of satisfying needs, the impact of technology 4 P’s Of Marketing

How to Estimate Standard Deviations (SD)

How to Estimate Standard Deviations (SD) The standard deviation and range are both measures of the spread of a data set. Each number tells us in its own way how spaced out the data are, as they are both a measure of variation.  Although there is not an explicit relationship between the range and standard deviation, there is a rule of thumb that can be useful to relate these two statistics.  This relationship is sometimes referred to as the range rule for standard deviation. The range rule tells us that the standard deviation of a sample is approximately equal to one-fourth of the range of the data. In other words s (Maximum – Minimum)/4. This is a very straightforward formula to use, and should only be used as a very rough estimate of the standard deviation. An Example To see an example of how the range rule works, we will look at the following example. Suppose we start with the data values of 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 18, 20, 20, 25. These values have a mean of 17 and a standard deviation of about 4.1. If instead we first calculate the range of our data as 25 – 12 13 and then divide this number by four we have our estimate of the standard deviation as 13/4 3.25. This number is relatively close to the true standard deviation and good for a rough estimate. Why Does It Work? It may seem like the range rule is a bit strange. Why does it work? Doesn’t it seem completely arbitrary to just divide the range by four? Why wouldn’t we divide by a different number? There is actually some mathematical justification going on behind the scenes. Recall the properties of the bell curve and the probabilities from a standard normal distribution. One feature has to do with the amount of data that falls within a certain number of standard deviations: Approximately 68% of the data is within one standard deviation (higher or lower) from the mean.Approximately 95% of the data is within two standard deviations (higher or lower) from the mean.Approximately 99% is within three standard deviations (higher or lower) from the mean. The number that we will use has to do with 95%. We can say that 95% from two standard deviations below the mean to two standard deviations above the mean, we have 95% of our data. Thus nearly all of our normal distribution would stretch out over a line segment that is a total of four standard deviations long. Not all data is normally distributed and bell curve shaped. But most data is well-behaved enough that going two standard deviations away from the mean captures nearly all of the data. We estimate and say that four standard deviations are approximately the size of the range, and so the range divided by four is a rough approximation of the standard deviation. Uses for the Range Rule The range rule is helpful in a number of settings. First, it is a very quick estimate of the standard deviation. The standard deviation requires us to first find the mean, then subtract this mean from each data point, square the differences, add these, divide by one less than the number of data points, then (finally) take the square root. On the other hand, the range rule only requires one subtraction and one division. Other places where the range rule is helpful is when we have incomplete information. Formulas such as that to determine sample size require three pieces of information: the desired margin of error, the level of confidence and the standard deviation of the population we are investigating. Many times it is impossible to know what the population standard deviation is. With the range rule, we can estimate this statistic, and then know how large we should make our sample.

So and Therefore Are Clumsy Companions

So and Therefore Are Clumsy Companions â€Å"So† and â€Å"Therefore† Are Clumsy Companions â€Å"So† and â€Å"Therefore† Are Clumsy Companions By Maeve Maddox A reader has noticed the juxtaposition of so and therefore and wonders if this can be correct. I have come across people using So, therefore .   I wonder what they mean by that ?! Sure enough, this peculiar construction is widespread on the web: I Fish So Therefore I Am White Rabbit Gallery Its the weekend, so therefore you should all be free to come into the gallery for one of our great tours at 1 pm and 2 pm today and tomorrow! I havent experienced it so therefore it must not exist or matter or be valid Both so and therefore can be used as more than one part of speech. The so entry in the OED has forty numbered definitions plus a draft addition. Careful writers will weigh the so therefore combination carefully to avoid redundancy. If the so is a connecting word and the therefore a plain adverb, the use can be argued: The climate is changing; so, therefore, must we. If the words are being used as a two-word conjunction, warning signals should sound. Therefore is more formal than so: Formal: I missed the train; therefore I missed the party. Informal: I missed the train, so I missed the party. Another point to be made about the conjunctions so and therefore is that they’re â€Å"final† conjunctions. In formal writing they don’t belong at the beginning of a sentence. Here’s how the Chicago Manual of Style explains their use: Final (or illative) coordinating conjunctions denote inferences or consequences. The second clause gives a reason for the first clause’s statement, or it shows what has been or ought to be done in view of the first clause’s expression. The conjunctions include consequently, for, hence, so, thus, therefore, as a consequence, as a result, so that, and so then {he had betrayed the king; therefore he was banished} {it’s time to leave, so let’s go}. CMOS 5.186 The careless combining of so therefore may be one of those runaway errors that can’t be caught. It has already found its way into the English Standard Version (2001) of the Bible: So therefore, any one of you who does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple. Luke 14:33 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesWhenever vs. When Ever55 "House" Idioms

EGT1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EGT1 - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the total profit increases when marginal profit is positive i.e. when marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. Similarly, the total profit decreases when marginal profit is negative i.e. marginal revenue is less as compared to marginal cost. Maximum total profit is achieved when marginal profit becomes zero. At this point, marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. A further increase in output leads to a negative marginal profit or a marginal loss i.e. the total profit starts decreasing. Thus, maximum profit is achieved at a point where marginal profit is equal to marginal revenue. Figure 1 shows the graphs for Total Revenue, Total Cost, Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost and Total Profit. The profit is maximized at output = q*.This paper highlights that if marginal revenue of a firm exceeds the marginal cost, a firm is in a healthy position. Its marginal profit is positive. The firm would hence need to take steps to increase the level of ou tput with the current resources provided the demand for the same exists. Additional labour may be required increasing cost but additional capital expenditure is generally not made in the short run. The firm may also take actions to boost market demand. These may include marketing and promotional activities.  If the marginal revenue of a firm is less than marginal cost, the firm is operating at sub-optimal levels. The firm needs to analyze whether the output produced is actually required. If no, the output levels are decreased.

Deductive and Inductive Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deductive and Inductive Arguments - Essay Example A deductive argument is said to be unsound if its premises are not logically correct, but then they can be founded upon to form a correct conclusion. For instance, the following premises; Mary is 37 years old, Mary is caring then the conclusion from the premises is Mary is a mother. The argument is unsound since the premises are generalized and thus will not form a good basis for making an informed conclusion. The premises since they are general in nature cannot be said to be logically correct since they are not specific to be based for making informed conclusions hence the argument is unsound. Inductive premises are not always correct the person in the argument will take them as they are to influence a certain conclusion that is desirable (Iep.utm.edu). The nature of the premises in inductive arguments determines whether the overall conclusion of the argument is weak or strong. For instance; the policemen said Peter committed the murder, so Peter is the murderer. This argument is weak because its based on a section of the overall evidence and thus, cannot be depended upon. On the other hand, if we have premises like these; eyewitnesses said they saw Peter commit the murder, fingerprint evidence from the body of the diseased together with the weapon are identical to Peter’s and Peter confessed to the police to have committed the act, so Peter committed the murder. The argument above is strong since it incorporates a number of evidence that precisely implicates Peter to the murder beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, from the aforementioned definitions and illustrations it is evident that the deductive arguments are more compelling than the inductive arguments because their conclusion are correctly premised logically and morally as opposed to the inductive arguments, which are often incorrect and depend upon the perception or intention of the individuals to form a conclusion that